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    <div class="post-body" itemprop="articleBody"><h2 id="缘起"><a href="#缘起" class="headerlink" title="缘起"></a>缘起</h2><p>最近去北京出了一趟差，结果一去就被总部抓差到总部运维团队那里帮了两个星期（其实不止两个星期）的忙，说是帮忙其实算不上，应该说我是被抓丁参与了一个大的“项目”。</p>
<span id="more"></span>

<p>这个项目就是帮助梳理运维团队现在的为了 sla 和（成本）压降的方案，并参与帮他们招一个 leader，50+ 团队的 leader，一个运维总监。</p>
<p>这里我重点是说我参与面试运维总监的这个事儿，这么高 level 的岗位，拉我一工程师来参与面试，能聊什么呢？于是我非常自觉地把我的时间缩到 30 分钟之内，同时又在运维工作的一些方向上各找了几个简单基础的细节问题，打算试试这些大佬候选人的基础成色。</p>
<h2 id="我的问题及效果"><a href="#我的问题及效果" class="headerlink" title="我的问题及效果"></a>我的问题及效果</h2><h3 id="Linux"><a href="#Linux" class="headerlink" title="Linux"></a>Linux</h3><p>首先我聊的是 Linux 发行版，再聊 kernel 版本，这也不是每个人都聊的，要看其简历上是否有过 Linux 系统管理员的经验，到这里有人就已经毛了。</p>
<p>大家基本上都是红帽系：CentOS 用的比较多，但当我引出来红帽系（就说 CentOS 吧）的 kernel 版本不标准，他们把好多高版本的特性 backport 到老（低）版本。其实这个就有点流氓，Linux 主要是是指 kernel，结果你 CentOS 里 uname 看到的版本跟别的版本看到的不是一回事。关于这个事情，没有一个候选人意识到过。</p>
<h4 id="进程管理"><a href="#进程管理" class="headerlink" title="进程管理"></a>进程管理</h4><h5 id="孤儿进程和僵尸进程是什么？应该怎么处理？"><a href="#孤儿进程和僵尸进程是什么？应该怎么处理？" class="headerlink" title="孤儿进程和僵尸进程是什么？应该怎么处理？"></a>孤儿进程和僵尸进程是什么？应该怎么处理？</h5><p>本想如果能聊，再问问 daemon 程序呢。结果，没有一个人能有机会让我扯出 daemon 的问题。</p>
<h4 id="文件系统"><a href="#文件系统" class="headerlink" title="文件系统"></a>文件系统</h4><h5 id="Linux-文件系统中的软链接和硬链接，有啥区别，占硬盘空间吗？"><a href="#Linux-文件系统中的软链接和硬链接，有啥区别，占硬盘空间吗？" class="headerlink" title="Linux 文件系统中的软链接和硬链接，有啥区别，占硬盘空间吗？"></a>Linux 文件系统中的软链接和硬链接，有啥区别，占硬盘空间吗？</h5><p>结果是：大都知道软链接，也大致知道其特点，但对硬链接了解不多，对后面的问题自然也就不清楚了。</p>
<h4 id="内存管理"><a href="#内存管理" class="headerlink" title="内存管理"></a>内存管理</h4><p>这个没问</p>
<h3 id="网络"><a href="#网络" class="headerlink" title="网络"></a>网络</h3><h4 id="rfc1918-中定义的-Private-Address-Space"><a href="#rfc1918-中定义的-Private-Address-Space" class="headerlink" title="rfc1918 中定义的 Private Address Space"></a>rfc1918 中定义的 Private Address Space</h4><p>成想有张口就来的再问问 100.64 的事情的，结果，就这几个段的地址，没有一个候选人能准确无误的回答出来，当然，也还是有好几位只是也许是口误说 172.16.0.0-172.32. 而在我的提示下马上又更正了。<br>这个问题我要求完全准确其实可能要求有点高，像那几位仅是 172.16. 那个段口误的，基本上来说可以得满分了。但我但凡说起 100.64. 这个段的事情，无人知晓</p>
<h4 id="OSI-七层模型中的二层（链路层）、三层（网络层）、四层（传输层）、七层（应用层）分别是什么？有啥区别？有什么协议？"><a href="#OSI-七层模型中的二层（链路层）、三层（网络层）、四层（传输层）、七层（应用层）分别是什么？有啥区别？有什么协议？" class="headerlink" title="OSI 七层模型中的二层（链路层）、三层（网络层）、四层（传输层）、七层（应用层）分别是什么？有啥区别？有什么协议？"></a>OSI 七层模型中的二层（链路层）、三层（网络层）、四层（传输层）、七层（应用层）分别是什么？有啥区别？有什么协议？</h4><p>这个问题相对答得好一点。</p>
<h3 id="安全相关（或者说是应用）"><a href="#安全相关（或者说是应用）" class="headerlink" title="安全相关（或者说是应用）"></a>安全相关（或者说是应用）</h3><h4 id="HTTPs"><a href="#HTTPs" class="headerlink" title="HTTPs"></a>HTTPs</h4><p>几乎没有候选人知道客户端和服务器是怎么交互的，当然不知道也是正常的，当然我就诱导，HTTPs 是怎样保证安全（当然杠精这里可以怼我说 HTTPs 并不能保证安全）的呢？然后又说起对成加密和非对称加密，我问在 HTTPs 客户端和服务器的交互中用到了对称加密和非对称加密了吗？用到的话是哪里用到了？</p>
<p>结果：全军覆没。</p>
<p>可能是现在主流把安全团队从运维团队里划出去的后遗症吧。</p>
<h3 id="数据库"><a href="#数据库" class="headerlink" title="数据库"></a>数据库</h3><p>这个也没问，这个其实可以挑个简单的问题问下：比如说索引为什么会加快查询的速度什么的</p>
<h3 id="公有云"><a href="#公有云" class="headerlink" title="公有云"></a>公有云</h3><p>我准备问的问题是 AWS 里 VPC 中 public subnet 和 private subnet 的区别，这个也没普遍问，因为很多都没用过 AWS，而且，这个问题对于整个团队的大领导来说的确太琐碎太细了，如果没有做过基于 aws 的相关架构设计啥的具体工作的，的确都不一定知道。</p>
<h3 id="kubernetes"><a href="#kubernetes" class="headerlink" title="kubernetes"></a>kubernetes</h3><p>我想问的是暴露服务到集群外的方式，居然有很多人不知道，那我只能评价说他完全不懂 kubernetes，当然，也有人能完全答对的。</p>
<p>更有意思的是，有人能答出这几种方式，但当我追问 ingress 方式到底是怎样实现将服务暴露出去的呢？被我问住了，我感觉这典型就是不求甚解，学（kubernetes）的时候并没有带脑袋去想，而只是说我要背下来。</p>
<h3 id="逻辑思维（概率相关）"><a href="#逻辑思维（概率相关）" class="headerlink" title="逻辑思维（概率相关）"></a>逻辑思维（概率相关）</h3><p>这种题我准备了两道：</p>
<ul>
<li>已知函数 r64 会按百分之六十和百分之四十的概率返回整数 0 和 1，求函数 r55 使其按百分之五十和百分之五十的概率返回整数 0 和 1。</li>
<li>已知函数 r2，会按同样的概率返回整数 0 和 1，求函数 r3，使其按同样的概率返回整数 0、1 和 2</li>
</ul>
<p>准确讲，这两个题都不难，难得是这样突然袭击候选人完全没准备可能会蒙，所以，我其实只是想知道大致的思路。结论：5 分钟之类没有人答对的，无论是第一题还是第二题。原本想第二题如果有人答得好再引申问下知道 r<sub>n</sub>，求 r<sub>m</sub>（n, m 都是正整数），但遗憾的是，没有人让我有机会聊这些……</p>

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          <div class="post-tags">
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